Exploring GLP-1 Agonists: Pros, Cons, and Holistic Alternatives for Managing Diabetes

Photo by Meital Anlen on Unsplash

In the realm of diabetes management, GLP-1 agonist drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro have gained significant attention for their efficacy in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss. However, like any medication, they come with their own set of pros and cons. In this article, we'll delve into the advantages and drawbacks of GLP-1 agonists, as well as explore holistic and functional medicine approaches that can offer similar benefits.

Understanding GLP-1 Agonists

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists are a class of medications primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by mimicking the action of GLP-1, a naturally occurring hormone in the body that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety by decreasing cravings. Insulin helps our cell take up glucose from the blood. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose by releasing its stored form, glycogen, from the liver.

Pros of GLP-1 Agonists

1. Blood Sugar Control: GLP-1 agonists effectively lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin secretion in response to glucose intake. This helps patients achieve better glycemic control and reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications.

2. Weight Loss: Many individuals with type 2 diabetes struggle with obesity or are overweight, which can exacerbate insulin resistance. This means the cells become unresponsive to insulin and blood glucose stays elevated. GLP-1 agonists have been shown to promote weight loss by reducing appetite and slowing gastric emptying, making them a valuable option for those looking to manage both diabetes and weight.

3. Cardiovascular Benefits: Some GLP-1 agonists have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, including reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death. These additional benefits make them particularly attractive for patients with diabetes who are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

4. Once-Weekly Formulations: Several GLP-1 agonists are available in once-weekly formulations, offering convenience and improved adherence compared to daily medications.

Cons of GLP-1 Agonists

1. Gastrointestinal Side Effects: Common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. While these symptoms often improve over time, they can be bothersome for some patients and may impact treatment adherence. In rare instances, bowel obstruction and gastroparesis (the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine significantly slows or stops) may occur.

2. Injection Site Reactions: GLP-1 agonists are administered via subcutaneous injections, which can cause pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. This inconvenience may deter some patients from using these medications.

3. Cost: GLP-1 agonists tend to be more expensive than some other diabetes medications, which can be a barrier to access for patients, particularly those without adequate insurance coverage.

4. Pancreatitis: Although rare, there have been reports of pancreatitis associated with the use of GLP-1 agonists. While the causal relationship is not fully understood, it's essential for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of these potential risks.

Holistic and Functional Medicine Alternatives

While GLP-1 agonists can be effective for many individuals with type 2 diabetes, some may prefer or benefit from a more holistic approach to managing their condition. Here are some alternative strategies that focus on lifestyle modifications and natural therapies:

1. Diet and Nutrition: A plant-based diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats can help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and promote weight loss. Incorporating foods with a low glycemic index can also help stabilize blood sugar levels.

2. Exercise: Regular physical activity is essential for managing diabetes as it helps lower blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote weight loss. Aim for a combination of aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility exercises for optimal health benefits.

3. Stress Management: Chronic stress can contribute to insulin resistance and worsen diabetes control. Practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, and mindfulness can help reduce stress levels and improve overall well-being.

4. Herbal Supplements: Certain herbs and supplements have been studied for their potential benefits in diabetes management, including cinnamon, fenugreek, bitter melon, and berberine. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before adding any supplements to your regimen, as they may interact with medications or have side effects.

5. Acupuncture: Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese healing technique, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce blood sugar levels, and alleviate neuropathic pain associated with diabetes. It may be a valuable adjunct therapy for some individuals with diabetes.

6. Probiotics: Certain microorganisms that live in and on our bodies promote health and comprise the microbiome. They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, for example. Recently, research shows that three microorganisms, Akkermansia muciniphilia, Bifidobacterium infantis and Clostridium butyricum, stimulate the production of GLP-1 naturally.

7. Functional Medicine Testing: Functional medicine approaches focus on identifying and addressing the root causes of disease, rather than just managing symptoms. Comprehensive testing, including assessments of gut health, hormonal balance, and nutrient deficiencies, can provide valuable insights into individualized treatment strategies for diabetes management.

GLP-1 agonist drugs offer significant benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes, including improved blood sugar control, weight loss, and cardiovascular protection. However, they also come with potential side effects and cost considerations. For those seeking alternative approaches, holistic and functional medicine strategies focusing on diet, exercise, stress management, herbal supplements, acupuncture, and comprehensive testing can offer effective and sustainable ways to manage diabetes and promote overall health and well-being. It's essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses individual needs and preferences.

Felecia L. Dawson, MD

Dr. Dawson, CEO of P.L.A.N.T.S. for Lyfe, is a board certified obstetrician gynecologist, medical cannabis educator and consultant. She has expertise in holistic, integrative and functional medicine. She is co-author of a forthcoming book along with Oskii Chevanier, Jamaican Herbalist, COO and Marilyn Pierce, RN, CFO on holistic living using botanicals including cannabis. https://www.plantsforlyfe.com/